The exact function of the splenium is not completely understood, but a splenial lesion may result in the disconnection of the cerebral hemispheres, with disruption of higher cortical function, loss of conscious processes and delirious behavior. After developmental completion, the splenium has an intimate connection anteriorly with the HC. ĭuring the embryological phase, the development of the hippocampi and hippocampal commissure (HC) precedes the development of the CC. The fibers in the splenium are projections from the occipital-parietal and temporal cortex. The CC forms the bridge between the cerebral hemispheres, containing crossing axonal fibers from both hemispheres. Anterior to the splenium, the remainder of the CC consists, respectively, of the narrow isthmus, the thicker corpus, the voluminous genu, with the thinnest part, called the rostrum, extending inferiorly to the anterior commissure.
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The splenium is the most posterior and bulbous shaped part of the corpus callosum (CC). It appears to play an important role in consciousness. The development, location, fiber composition and vascularization of the splenium make it vulnerable to specific pathological processes. Acquired pathology may lead to changes in consciousness. The fibers interconnect the temporal and occipital regions of both hemispheres reciprocally and are important in language, visuospatial information transfer and behavior. These findings may explain the affinity of specific forms of pathology for this region. It contains different caliber axonal fibers and the most compact area of callosal glial cells. It is bordered by the falx and the tentorium and is perfused by the anterior and posterior circulation.
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The development of the splenium is preceded by the formation of the hippocampal commissure.
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The majority of pathology, known to affect the splenium, and the clinical effects are described in three subsections: (A) limited to the splenium, with elaboration on pathophysiology of reversible splenial lesions, (B) pathology in the cerebral white matter extending into or deriving from the splenium, with special emphasis on tumors, and (C) splenial involvement in generalized conditions affecting the entire brain, with a hypothesis for pathophysiological mechanisms for the different diseases. MR and CT images are used to demonstrate pathology. MethodsĪ literature-based description is provided on development, anatomy and function. Its embryological development, anatomy, vascularization, function, imaging of pathology, possible pathophysiological mechanisms by which pathology may develop and the clinical consequences are discussed. The splenium of the corpus callosum is the most posterior part of the corpus callosum.